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Tibetan Ox 3 Letters

Tibetan Ox 3 Letters – Effects of dietary phytogenic extracts on productivity, egg quality, blood constituents, antioxidants and immunological parameters of chickens: a meta-analysis.

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Tibetan Ox 3 Letters

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Forging The Golden Urn: The Qing Empire And The Politics Of Reincarnation In Tibet” By Max Oidtmann

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Traditional use of wild and domestic animals among different ethnic groups in the Western Himalaya—a cross-cultural analysis.

The Fiji Times » Crossword

Mushirul Hasan 1, 2, Sheikh Marifatul Haq 3, Riaz Ahmed 3, Mohammad Majeed 4, Hakeem Ali Sahto 5, Madiha Shirani 3, Iqra Mubeen 6, Mohammad Abdul Aziz 7, Andrea Pironi 8, 9, Rainer W Busman 2, Abed Altawe. 10, Ahmed Z. Devidar 10, 11, Muhammad Al-Yafarsi 12, Hossam O. Elansari 10, 12, 13, * and Koviu Yessoufu 13

Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy

Chapter 4 The Divination Of Smra Ba’i Seng Ge In: Divination In Exile

In traditional medicinal systems, animals play an essential role in the treatment of health issues (zoo therapy) as different body parts are used to treat different ailments. Meanwhile, local traditional knowledge (TK) is an important aspect of cultural heritage that reflects the relationship between communities and nature. Recently ethnobiologists have focused on cross-cultural research to document and measure the processes that govern the development of traditional knowledge within a culture, as well as to use it in the future. In the present study, we have documented ethnographic knowledge among eight ethnic groups in the Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya. Comparative analysis indicated that Balti and Brokpa were more closely related groups due to high overlap (N = 7) of medicinal species use. A total of 13 estuarine species were recorded for the Kashmiri ethnic group, followed by two estuarine species (Anser indicus, Perdix hodgsonia) for Balti and two estuarine species (Capra aegerus hercus, Cuon alpinus) for Changapa. Pearson correlation coefficients support the strength and direction of a link between ethnic groups and regions. Cluster analyzes revealed two primary clusters of the 79 animal species recorded for the eight ethnographic uses based on faunal similarity. In addition, all ethnic groups use animals primarily for medicinal and food purposes. Chest infections were treated most frequently by most species (N = 9), followed by paralysis by seven species. Current ethnographic studies provide relevant information such as cross-cultural traditional knowledge of medicine, food, and religious value; Combining ethnographic knowledge with a scientific approach can significantly contribute to the long-term development of indigenous communities.

Animal products play an important role in the treatment of many health conditions and are widely used across cultures. In South Asia, ethnographic research has been done by only a few researchers. Therefore, this area of research needs further research to preserve the vanishing ethnographic knowledge of medicinal animals that are severely affected by the ongoing societal changes. The study was conducted from February 2019 to August 2021 in the region of Jammu and Kashmir. The study was conducted among eight different ethnic groups living in the region. A total of 374 informants were selected and data were collected through semi-structured interviews and verified through group discussions. Data were analyzed using various statistical tools including R 4.0.0. Cross-cultural data were compared by bioinformatics and evolutionary genomics software and subsequently subjected to further analysis, applying Pearson correlation and ordination techniques (principal component analysis). We recorded a total of 79 animal species being used by the eight studied ethnic groups in the region. Wild animal species were mainly used for medicinal purposes. Chest infections, sexual problems, and paralysis were often treated. Meat was the most commonly used component. Cross-cultural comparisons showed a remarkable diversity in the use of animals among different groups, due to historical socio-cultural stratifications as well as different religious affiliations of some groups that led them to forage or hunt certain animals. prevents from However some groups showed significant overlap of use of some recorded species. For example, Lerwalarva and Bublus bublis were commonly used by both Gujjars and Paharis, which may indicate that they have undergone significant socio-cultural contact, and that they are mutually exclusive. Pearson correlation coefficients support the strength and direction of an association between ethnic groups and regions. This study makes an important contribution to the field of ethnography in the Himalayas by providing insights for understanding historical human-nature relationships and providing a baseline for developing future conservation efforts in the region to protect wildlife.

Between ethnic communities, the use of animal species usually varies due to their cultural heritage [1]. Environmental and economic factors also determine the use of species [2]. Local and indigenous communities often use a variety of species for their survival, highlighting the important role of animals in their lives [3]. The use of animals is not limited to food and medicine, but includes entertainment, magic, religion, trade, and tools [4, 5, 6, 7, 8] throughout human history, as reflected in cave murals. [9, 10]. The knowledge to use particular species for a particular purpose is acquired over time and passed on to future generations [10]. Local traditional knowledge is an important aspect of cultural heritage, reflecting a close relationship between people and nature [9]. About 8.7% of the important chemical compounds of allopathic medicine are derived from animals [11, 12, 13]. Despite this importance, plants are still preferred over animals [14]. In traditional Chinese medicine, 1500 animal species are used, and in Greek medicine, 500 species, indicating the importance of animals in traditional medicinal systems [15]. India has a huge diversity of animal species, harboring about 10% of the world’s fauna, and ranks first in terms of insect diversity, followed by fish, birds, reptiles. reptiles, mammals and amphibians [15]. In India, about 70% of the rural population lacks modern healthcare facilities and thus depends on traditional medicinal systems [15]. Due to factors such as urbanization and industrialization, these communities are losing socio-economic and cultural characteristics, including traditional medicinal knowledge. In this regard, it becomes imperative to document this traditional knowledge [16, 17, 18, 19, 20]. Research and documentation of indigenous knowledge is essential to obtain first-hand information on the various uses of animals [21, 22, 23]. Moreover, with the growing challenge of pathogen resistance against allopathic drugs, there is a strong need to investigate the additive and synergistic effects of new combinations of natural ingredients [ 24 , 25 ]. According to Leonti and Kasu [20], the documentation of ancestral knowledge in ethno-biological surveys can cover the current gap to discover effective medicines. The erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir is known for its rich diversity due to its topographical, altitudinal and topographical variations [26]. Different ethnic communities live in this potential traditional knowledge area [ 27 , 28 ]. The present study focuses on (1) documentation of medicinal uses of wild and domestic birds and mammals among local communities in the study area. (2) Comparison of recorded data from different cultural groups to understand the sociocultural relationships that have influenced the cultural knowledge of individuals from each ethnic group. This is the first cross-cultural ethnographic study conducted in the field. We hope that the results of the study will provide baseline data for future conservation programs in the region and that policy makers will focus on preserving cultural heritage and protecting the region’s wildlife.

Jammu and Kashmir (Figure 1), the former princely states of India, were recently separated