Words With Yin Five Letters

Words With Yin Five Letters – This article contains phonetic transcriptions from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ] , / / and ⟨  ⟩, see IPA § Parentheses and transcription delimiters.

This article contains phonetic transcriptions from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Words With Yin Five Letters

Hanyu Pinyin (simplified Chinese: 汉语拼音; traditional Chinese: 漢語拼音; pinyin: hànyǔ pīnyīn), often abbreviated to simply pinyin, is the official romanization system of Standard Mandarin in China, and to some extent in Taiwan and Singapore. It is often used to teach Mandarin, usually written in Chinese, to students who are familiar with the Latin alphabet. The system has four diacritical tones, but pinyin without tone marks is used to write Chinese names and words in languages ​​written in the Latin script, and is also used in some computer typing methods to write Chinese characters. The word Hànyǔ (Simplified Chinese: 汉语; Traditional Chinese: 漢語) literally means “Han language” (i.e. the Chinese language), and Pīnyīn (拼音) means “written sounds”.

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And was based on the romanized forms of earlier Chinese. It was published by the Chinese government in 1958 and revised several times.

Attempts to standardize pinyin in Taiwan took place in 2002 and 2009, but “Taiwan currently has no standardized spelling system” and thus in 2019 “Taiwan’s alphabetic spellings are more marked than lacking systems”.

Furthermore, “certain cities, businesses and institutions, especially in southern Taiwan, did not accept [efforts to introduce pinyin], as it suggested that Taiwan is more closely related to the PRC”, so it remains one of the rival Romanizations. systems in use.

When a foreign writing system with a set of encoding/decoding systems is needed to write a language, some compromises may have to be made. As a result, the decoding systems used in some foreign languages ​​will be able to produce sounds that more closely resemble the target language to Spanish speakers than the encoding/decoding systems used by the foreign language. Native speakers of Glish will decode pinyin graphs to fairly close approximations of Mandarin, except for a few speech sounds that most native speakers of Glish do not produce: j /tɕ/, q /tɕʰ/, x /ɕ/, z /ts/ , c /tsʰ/, zh /ʈʂ/, ch /ʈʂʰ/, h /x/ and r /ɻ/ show the greatest disagreements.

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In this system, the correspondence between Latin letter and sound is sometimes idiosyncratic, but not necessarily any more than the way Latin writing is used in other languages. For example, the aspiration distinction between b, d, g and p, t, k is similar to these Glish syllable-initial consonants (in which the two sets are, however, also distinguished by pronunciation), but not to Frch. The letters z and c also have this distinction, which are pronounced as [ts] and [tsʰ] (reminiscent of the /ts/ phoneme in the German language and those letters being used to suppress the Slavic languages ​​written in the Latin script). From s, z, c come the digraphs sh, zh, ch by analogy with Glish sh, ch. Although this presents a combination of the zh novel, it also contains how the two series are related. In the series x, j, q, the pinyin use of x is similar to its use in Portuguese, Galician, Catalan, Basque and Maltese, and the pinyin q is similar to its value in Albanian; both pinyin and albanian pronunciation can sound similar to ch to the untrained ear. Pinyin vowels are pronounced like vowels in Romance languages.

The pronunciation and spelling of Chinese words are given in initial and final terms, which represent the phonemic segmental part of the language, rather than letter by letter. Initials are initial consonants, while finals are all possible combinations of medial (midvowels that come before a vowel), core vowel and coda (final vowel or consonant).

In 1605, the Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci published Xizi Qiji (西字奇蹟; Xīzì Qíjī ; Hsi-tzu Ch’i-chi ; ‘Wonder of Western Letters’) in Beijing.

This was the first book to use the Roman alphabet to write the Chinese language. Twenty years later, another Chinese Jesuit, Nicolas Trigault, published his Xī Rú Ěrmù Zī (《西儒耳目資》; Hsi Ju Erh-mu Tzu; ‘Help for the eyes and ears of Western literati’) in Hangzhou.

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Neither book had much influence on the way we thought about the Chinese writing system, and the romanizations they described were intended for Westerners rather than Chinese.

One of the first Chinese thinkers to relate Western alphabets to Chinese was the late Ming official scholar of the early Qing dynasty, Fang Yizhi (方以智; Fāng Yǐzhì; Fang I-chih; 1611–1671).

The late Qing reformer who proposed that China adopt a spelling system was Song Shu (1862-1910). A student of the great scholars Yu Yue and Zhang Taiyan, Song stayed in Japan and saw the astonishing influence of the kana syllabaries there and Western learning.

This prompted him to act in several areas, one of the most important of which was the reform of the script. Although Song himself did not create a writing system for Sinitic languages, his discussion was fruitful and schemes for phonetic writing proliferated.

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The Wade-Giles system was produced by Thomas Wade in 1859 and improved by Herbert Giles in his 1892 Chinese-Glish dictionary. Popular and used in Glish-language publications outside of China until 1979.

In the early 1930s, Chinese Communist Party leaders trained in Moscow introduced a phonetic alphabet using Roman letters, developed at the Soviet Orital Institute in Lingrad and originally intended to improve literacy in the Russian Far East.

It was much more linguistically sophisticated than the previous alphabets, but with the great exception that it did not represent the tone of Chinese.

In 1940, several thousand members attended the convention of the Border Region Sin Wz Association. Mao Zedong and army chief Zhu De both contributed their own calligraphy (characters) to the masthead of the Sin Wz Society’s new journal. Outside the CCP, other prominent patrons include Sun Yat-s son, Sun Fo; Cai Yuanpei, the country’s most famous educator; Tao Xingzhi, a leading educational reformer; and Lu Xun. More than thirty magazines soon appeared written in Sin Wz, numerous translations, biographies (including Lincoln, Franklin, Edison, Ford, and Charlie Chaplin), some contemporary Chinese literature, and numerous textbooks. In 1940, the movement reached its peak and Mao’s Border Region Government declared Sin Wz to have the same legal status as traditional figures in government and public documents. Many educators and political leaders looked forward to the day when Chinese characters would be universally accepted and completely replaced. Opposition arose, however, because the system was not well suited to writing regional languages, and would therefore require learning Mandarin. Sin Wz fell into relative disuse in the following years.

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In 1943, the US military hired Yale University to develop a romanization of Mandarin Chinese for pilots flying over China. The resulting system is very close to pinyin, but does not use glish letters in unfamiliar ways; for example, pinyin x for [ɕ] is written as sy in the Yale system. Middle vowels are written with y and w (instead of i and u in pinyin), and apical vowels (syllabic consonants) with r or z. Acct marks are used to indicate pitch.

He worked as a banker in New York and decided to return to China to help rebuild the country after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. Mao Zedong initially considered Latinizing Chinese, but during his first official visit to the Soviet Union in 1949, Joseph Stalin convinced him to stick to the existing writing system.

Zhou became an economics professor in Shanghai, and in 1955, when the Chinese Ministry of Education established the Chinese Written Language Reform Commission, Premier Zhou lai assigned Zhou Youguang the task of developing a new romanization system, although he was not a professional linguist.

Hanyu Pinyin was based on several existing systems: Gwoyeu Romatzyh from 1928, Latinxua Sin Wz from 1931, and zhuyin (bopomofo) diacritical marks.

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“I am not the father of pinyin,” Zhou said years later; “I am the son of Pinyin. It is [the result of] a long tradition from the last years of the Qing Dynasty to the present day. But we re-examined and revised the problem and made it more perfect.”

A draft was published on February 12, 1956. The first edition of Hanyu Pinyin was approved and approved by the Fifth Session of the First National People’s Congress on February 11, 1958. It was introduced into primary schools as a way of teaching standard Chinese. used to improve pronunciation and adult literacy rate.

During the Cold War, outside China the use of the pinyin system over the Yale Romanization was seen as a political statement or identification with the Chinese Communist regime.

In the early 1980s, Western publications

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