Long Snouted Fish 3 Letters

Long Snouted Fish 3 Letters – Paleontologists have recreated an ancient Australian fish that swam at the surface of the sea like a stingray, with long blood vessels.

Fossils dating back 400 million years have allowed scientists to piece together a revealing picture of a strange fish with a hole in front of the eye socket and long claws, or jaws.

Long Snouted Fish 3 Letters

After the Brindabella Range near Canberra, it belongs to an extinct group of pre-armored fish known as Placoderma.

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Scientists from the Australian National University and Flinders University have dated the fossils to the early Devonian period, 175 million years before the first dinosaurs.

They were found in limestone near Lake Burrinjuke at the headwaters of the Murrumbidgee River, north of the Brindabellas in New South Wales.

The area is home to some of the earliest reef fishes and some of the finest examples of ancient tropical coral reefs in the world.

This fish is believed to be a bottom dweller that uses its bill or bill to search for prey.

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Young said that the fossil had another surprise: its sensory system turned out to be a modified version of the stress-sensing system found in other fish.

“It has a very strange and unexpected skull shape, a long snout, and the possibility of finding animals in the soft mud on the sea floor using electroreception,” he said.

Young and lead author on the paper, along with Flinders researcher John Long, Benedict King, wrote in an interview that the Burrinjuk fauna highlights the great diversity of reef ecosystems at different points.

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“Although coral reefs have always been a diverse hotspot, there have been significant changes in the groups of animals that make up the ecosystem,” King said. “

For example, plastids, a group of jawed vertebrates, are often referred to as “bronchial fish”. Placoderms are the dominant fish group in the Burrinjock Reef, followed by lungfish.

“Another Hada stone of a similar period, the Gogo Hada Stone from the Kimberley region of Western Australia, is also based on plaster and lungfish. Today, plastic has completely disappeared, and lungfish are down to only six species worldwide…all of which live in freshwater.

“Modern reefs are dominated by teleost fish, a group that first appeared around 230 million years ago, after the Burrinjuk reef.” Biodiversity and litter degradation in karstic freshwater systems are related to water level fluctuations and environmental characteristics.

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Functional papers represent the most advanced research in the field with high impact potential. Feature articles are submitted at the personal suggestion or recommendation of academic editors and undergo peer review prior to publication.

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A feature paper can be an original research paper, a substantial novel research study, often involving several techniques or methods, or a comprehensive review paper that provides a concise and clear update of the latest advances in the field, systematically evaluating exciting advances in a scientific field. Literature. This type of paper provides an overview of future research directions or applications.

Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations from academic editors of journals around the world. The editors select a small number of recently published articles in the journal that they believe are of particular interest to the authors or important to the field. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the journal’s various research areas.

Zoran Marchic 1, Ana Djerkovic 1, Marko Aleta 2, Ivana Budge 1, Davor Zanella 1, Sven Horvatic 1 and Perika Mustafic 1, *

Received: 31 March 2022 / Revised: 9 May 2022 / Accepted: 12 May 2022 / Published: 16 May 2022

Osteoglossomorpha: Phylogeny, Biogeography, And Fossil Record And The Significance Of Key African And Chinese Fossil Taxa

This is the first report of the early development of the endemic Krabawa minnow Delminechtis crbavensis in the karst plains of Croatia, and the first report of any species of the genus Delminichtes. This description is based on basic morphometric measures and rank numbers during 48-day observation of embryos and larvae obtained from successful spawning and aquaculture. The average larval length at hatching was 3.12 mm. Mouth opening and independent feeding and bowel function were observed after birth on day 11 (PH), when the yolk sac was fully absorbed in all individuals. Urethral dissection began after day 18 and was completed by day 23. The scapula, which develops at PH on day 7, begins to develop from day 44 and the formation of the scapula, scutellum and carapace is complete by day 48, when individuals present a set of soft rays. Understanding its early development is particularly valuable in assessing the environmental impact of this endangered species and is essential for effective monitoring and conservation.

Croatia’s geography includes the Adriatic and Black Sea (or Danube) basins, both of which have a complex geological, biological and hydrological history, resulting in one of the most abundant freshwater fish species in Europe and a relatively high distribution. categories. As a result, Croatia is one of the richest countries in fish species in Europe, with 137 species exclusively or regularly using freshwater [1]. Cypress forms the most diverse order in Croatia, while Leycidae is the family with the greatest species richness and, interestingly, the highest number of endemic taxa (21 species or 15% of all recorded taxa); [1, 2]). Although Croatia has 52 endemic freshwater fish species, only 12 endemic taxa belong to the Danube basin [2]. Delminichthys krbavensis (Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2002) is a stenoendemic species distributed only in the Krbava Polje field, located in the Lika region of the Danube basin. The region is located in the Alpine Biosphere Reserve of Croatia and the Dinaric Karst Region, a transition zone of the divide between the Danube and Adriatic basins, characterized by a distinctive karst landscape consisting of vast fields with alluvial deposits or limestone elevations. Mountain range [1]. Hydrologically, rivers that pass through karst terrain often have springs with high flows and eventually disappear in depressions on the other side of the field, although the reservoirs are diverse, some areas often flood during the winter to form seasonal lakes [3].

Krbava Polje Plain is a large karst plain (length 25 km, width 3-7 km, total area 120 km

) is located in the central part of the Lika region, with an average height of 724 meters. Numerous freshwater streams and karst aquifers cross the region, some, notably the Krbaava and Krabavica streams, are notorious for flooding and underflow [5]. Currently, Krbavsko polje is an important Natura 2000 site in Croatia (HR2000632, Krbavsko polje) with a rich and protected biodiversity, including bats, amphibians and fish [6]. The Vukova Pečina cave in the Krbava Polje area is a typical locality for D. krbavensis, again demonstrating the natural uniqueness and global functional significance of this area [7, 8, 9].

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Delminichthys krbavensis (Leuciscidae) has a very limited distribution, inhabiting only small karst springs, streams, temporary lakes and groundwater in the Krbava polje field, with an area of ​​less than 10 km.

[2, 7, 8, 9, 10]. It prefers stagnant and clear karst freshwater, but when ecological conditions are unfavorable (during winter or summer drought), individuals of D. krbavensis retreat underground [ 7 , 8 , 11 ]. Morphologically, Delminichthys Freyhof, Lieckfeldt, Bogutskaya, Pitra & Ludwig 2006 differs from other Leuciscidae based on its thin, non-overlapping body scales, complete or interrupted lateral line, and developed genital papillae in females. [8, 12]. Delminichthys krbavensis tends to have a smaller body size than other Delminichthys spp. (less than 100 mm long), and composed of rounded and irregular small scales (typically 20 to 40 drawn scales), distinguishable from each other by interrupted lateral lines, colorless in shape and size with dark spots. between the pelvis and the mouth (usually 57% of the scrotum-to-pelvis distance) and the elongated, shallow caudal peduncle with a protruding spine [ 7 , 8 , 12 ]. Additionally, body scales are reduced and transplanted deep into the epidermis (i.e., not visible without breakouts or blemishes).